Quran Masterclass

Понять ислам

Ислам – ясно, тепло и честно

Во что верят мусульмане? Что такое Коран, кем был Пророк Мухаммад ﷺ, какие города для нас священны, чем отличаются сунниты и шииты – и как совершают намаз? Восемь глав, написанных в духе Эмиратов: с уважением к каждой школе, с умеренностью и с тем гостеприимством, с которым у нас встречают каждого, кто спрашивает.

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  1. ОсновыЧто такое ислам?Ислам означает покорность Аллаху, Единому, в мире – и, исходя из этой покорности, жизнь в милосердии, справедливости и умеренности. На этой странице мы спокойно и просто объясняем, во что верят мусульмане, как они живут своей верой и что Коран говорит о жизни людей друг с другом. Мусульманин ли ты, только начинаешь интересоваться или просто хочешь понять – тебе здесь искренне рады.Читать · 7 мин чтения
  2. Iman – what Muslims believeThe Six Pillars of FaithIslam has pillars you can see: the testimony of faith, prayer, fasting, zakat and the pilgrimage. Beneath them lies a foundation you cannot see: iman, faith in the heart. The Prophet ﷺ summed it up in six points: belief in Allah, in His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day and divine decree. In this chapter we go through them one by one, with the Quran in hand, and also look at how Shia scholars arrange the same beliefs.Читать · 18 мин чтения
  3. КнигаКоранДля мусульман Коран – это слово Аллаха, ниспосланное Пророку Мухаммаду ﷺ через ангела Джибриля в течение примерно двадцати трёх лет. Уже четырнадцать веков его читают, заучивают наизусть и толкуют – в мечетях, в семьях и в коранических школах по всему миру. Здесь ты узнаешь, как он устроен, как он был сохранён и как ты сам можешь начать с ним знакомство.Читать · 6 мин чтения
  4. Жизнь, нрав и примерПророк Мухаммад ﷺМухаммад ﷺ – последний Посланник Аллаха, через которого был ниспослан Коран. Его жизнь хорошо задокументирована – от рождения в Мекке до кончины в Медине. Познакомиться с ним – значит увидеть ислам в его самом человечном виде: милосердие, воплощённое в каждом дне. В этой главе мы вместе пройдём его путь.Читать · 9 мин чтения
  5. The Sahabah and the Ahl al-BaytThe Companions and the Family of the Prophet ﷺAround the Prophet ﷺ gathered people whose names Muslims still speak with love: his family, the Ahl al-Bayt, and his Companions, the Sahabah. They preserved the Quran, passed on his Sunnah and showed with their lives what faith means. In this chapter you will meet the four rightly guided caliphs, Khadijah and Aishah, Fatimah, al-Hasan and al-Husayn, and many other Companions, men and women, rich and formerly enslaved, from Makkah and Madinah, from Abyssinia and Persia.Читать · 22 мин чтения
  6. One family of messengersThe Prophets in the QuranMuslims believe in all the prophets Allah sent – from Adam to Muhammad ﷺ. The Quran names twenty-five of them and tells their stories not as distant legends but as light for our own lives. Here you will meet all 25, each with his trial, a key passage of the Quran that you can listen to verse by verse on our platform, and a lesson for today.Читать · 25 мин чтения
  7. Al-Asma' al-HusnaThe Most Beautiful Names of AllahHow do you come to know someone you cannot see? Allah has introduced Himself to us through His names – the Most Gracious, the All-Forgiving, the Provider, the Light. Whoever knows these names prays differently, trusts differently and sees the world with new eyes. Here you will find the well-known list of the 99 names with their meanings, and ideas for living with them.Читать · 27 мин чтения
  8. Намаз · СалятКак совершать намаз – в суннитском исламеНамаз – это ежедневная беседа человека со своим Творцом: пять раз в день, в установленное время, телом, языком и сердцем. Эта глава шаг за шагом проведёт тебя через то, как молятся мусульмане-сунниты, – от омовения и призыва к намазу до приветствия мира в конце. Там, где четыре правовые школы расходятся, мы говорим об этом открыто; все четыре признаны и действительны.Читать · 10 мин чтения
  9. Намаз · СалятКак совершать намаз – в шиитском исламе (джафаритский мазхаб)Мусульмане-шииты джафаритского мазхаба совершают те же пять обязательных намазов, с тем же числом ракаатов и в сторону той же киблы, что и все мусульмане. Эта глава объясняет намаз так, как его преподают новичку в этом мазхабе, – шаг за шагом, с транскрипцией и смыслом. Мазхаб назван в честь имама Джафара ас-Садика (عليه السلام) и является одной из признанных правовых школ ислама.Читать · 8 мин чтения
  10. From morning to nightIslamic lifestyle – everyday life with the Quran and the SunnahIslam is not a religion for the mosque alone – it accompanies you from the first thought in the morning to the last one before sleep: at the table and at work, in the family, at sport, on journeys and even on your phone. In this chapter we walk together through an ordinary day and through the great areas of life. You will find small, doable steps from the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ – not a burden, but anchors for your everyday life to hold on to.Читать · 23 мин чтения
  11. The third pillarZakat – the obligatory almsZakat is the yearly obligatory payment on wealth that Muslims pass on to those in need. It is not charity on a whim but a pillar of Islam – a right of the poor in the wealth of the well-off. Here we explain calmly who pays zakat, how much, how to calculate it and who is entitled to receive it.Читать · 19 мин чтения
  12. The month of the QuranRamadan and fastingRamadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar – the month in which the Quran was sent down, and the month in which Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. It is a time of stillness and community, of patience and generosity. Here you will learn how the fast works, how to stay well through the month, what makes the last ten nights so special and how to set your own goals with the Quran using a gentle 30-day plan.Читать · 16 мин чтения
  13. Festivals and seasonsThe important days of the Islamic yearThe Islamic year has its own rhythm: it follows the moon, and through its twelve months run days of joy, fasting, remembrance and reflection. In this chapter we walk through the year together – from the New Year in Muharram through Ashura, the Night Journey, Ramadan and the two festivals, to Friday, the festival of every week. Where Muslims have different traditions, we set them side by side with respect.Читать · 19 мин чтения
  14. The pilgrimageHajj and UmrahTo travel to Makkah once in a lifetime and visit the House of Allah is the dearest wish of millions of Muslims. Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and an obligation for everyone who is physically and financially able; Umrah, the "lesser pilgrimage", can be performed at any time of the year. Here you will learn what it means, how the rites unfold step by step and how to prepare well.Читать · 23 мин чтения
  15. Learning pathThe Path to Becoming a Reciter – from the First Letters to the IjazahNo one is born a qari'. Every great reciter once began with Alif, Ba, Ta – with a teacher, much patience and an intention renewed again and again. This chapter shows you the path in nine stages, the way a good Quran school builds it: with a goal, an honest time range, a daily routine, a checkpoint and the typical pitfalls of each stage.Читать · 10 мин чтения
  16. Competition & preparationThe Quran Competition in Dubai – and How to PrepareEvery year in Ramadan, young huffaz from many countries come to Dubai to recite the Quran from memory before a jury. The Dubai International Holy Quran Award was founded in 1997 under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and is known around the world today. Here you will learn what the Award is, what juries listen for – and how to prepare step by step, with patience and a sincere intention.Читать · 10 мин чтения
  17. Святые места, города знанияВажнейшие города исламаТри города святы для всех мусульман: Мекка, Медина и Иерусалим. Вокруг них за века выросли города, где процветали мечети, школы и библиотеки, а учёные передавали знание. В этой главе мы вместе отправимся в эти места – и закончим путь дома, в Эмиратах.Читать · 8 мин чтения
  18. Faith and progress under one skyWhy the Emirates are a wonderful place to live Islam – in the midst of modernityFive times a day the adhan rings out over towers and desert, a prayer room is waiting in the shopping mall, halal is the rule at every meal – and a few kilometres away stands the Museum of the Future. In the Emirates, faith and progress belong together. In this chapter we tell you why so many Muslims love living here, what people of every faith value about this country, how to be a respectful guest – and why, in the end, it is your own heart that decides.Читать · 16 мин чтения
  19. Houses of Allah, from Makkah to DjennéThe most beautiful and significant mosques in the world – and how to visit themA mosque is more than a building: it is a house of Allah, a place of calm, learning and meeting. In this chapter we visit together the three holy mosques, the mosques of our home, the Emirates, and some of the most beautiful houses of worship in the world. You will also learn what mihrab, minbar and minaret mean – and how to enter a mosque with respect and an open heart.Читать · 20 мин чтения
  20. Beauty that points to AllahIslamic Art and CalligraphyWhoever steps into a mosque in Isfahan, the Alhambra or the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque feels it at once: here beauty speaks a language of its own. It shows no faces, but endless patterns, climbing blossoms and above all writing: the word of Allah, artfully written. In this chapter you will learn where this art comes from, how to tell the great scripts apart, what muqarnas and mashrabiya are, and how the Emirates are carrying the tradition forward today, right into the design of these pages.Читать · 15 мин чтения
  21. Fiqh and the madhahibThe Schools of Law in Islam – an OverviewWhen Muslims pray, fast, trade or marry, they follow a carefully grown understanding of what Allah asks of them. Great scholars derived this understanding from the Quran and the Sunnah over centuries – and from their work the schools of law, the madhahib, were born. In this chapter you will learn what a school of law is, why there are several, and why their diversity is a richness for the Ummah.Читать · 14 мин чтения
  22. Imam Abu Hanifa and his studentsThe Hanafi School of LawThe Hanafi school is the most widespread school of law in the Muslim world – from Istanbul to Sarajevo, from Bukhara to Lahore. It goes back to Imam Abu Hanifa an-Nu'man ibn Thabit, may Allah have mercy on him, who taught in Kufa and whom later generations called "the greatest imam". In this chapter you will get to know him, his great students, his method and the traces his school has left in history.Читать · 11 мин чтения
  23. The heritage of MadinahThe Maliki SchoolThe Maliki school takes its name from Imam Malik ibn Anas, the great scholar of Madinah, may Allah have mercy on him. More than any other school it preserves the lived Islam of the Prophet's ﷺ own city, and for centuries it has shaped North and West Africa, historical Andalusia and the Gulf region. Many people in the Emirates pray, fast and live according to its understanding – reason enough to get to know it with special affection.Читать · 14 мин чтения
  24. The architect of methodThe Shafi'i SchoolThe Shafi'i school goes back to Imam Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him – a scholar who travelled from Makkah to Madinah, to Iraq and finally to Egypt, gathering the knowledge of his age along the way. With his Risala he laid the foundation of the science of legal methodology. Today his school is followed from Egypt through East Africa and Yemen all the way to Indonesia and Malaysia.Читать · 13 мин чтения
  25. The school of Imam Ahmad ibn HanbalThe Hanbali School of LawThe Hanbali school carries the name of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him – a man who devoted his life to the hadith of the Prophet ﷺ and remained steadfast through a severe trial. From his answers, carefully recorded by his students, grew a school of law that gives special priority to the texts of the Quran and Sunnah and to the words of the Companions. Today it is taught and lived above all on the Arabian Peninsula, and its books are studied throughout the Muslim world.Читать · 11 мин чтения
  26. The school of Imam Ja'far as-SadiqThe Ja'fari SchoolThe Ja'fari school carries the name of Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq (peace be upon him), a great-grandson of Husayn and one of the great teachers of Madinah in the second century after the Hijrah. It is the school of law of Twelver Shia Muslims, and the Amman Message names it explicitly as one of the eight recognised schools of Islam. In this chapter you will get to know it as its followers understand it themselves – calmly, precisely and with respect.Читать · 12 мин чтения
  27. The school of Imam Zayd ibn AliThe Zaydi SchoolThe Zaydis take their name from Imam Zayd ibn Ali, a great-grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib and grandson of Husayn. Their school of law belongs to the Shia tradition, yet in many practical matters it stands remarkably close to the Sunni schools. For more than a thousand years the highlands of Yemen were its home, and from its milieu came scholars who are read throughout the Islamic world today.Читать · 10 мин чтения
  28. The school of the people of steadfastnessThe Ibadi SchoolThe Ibadi school is one of the oldest schools of law in Islam. Its roots lie in Basra in the first century after the Hijrah, with the great scholar Jabir ibn Zayd, a student of Ibn Abbas and Aishah. Today Oman is its main home, a country known for its tolerance and peaceful coexistence. Smaller communities live in North Africa to this day.Читать · 10 мин чтения
  29. The school of the apparent meaningThe Zahiri School of LawThe Zahiris sought to understand the texts of the Quran and Sunnah as they plainly (zahir) stand, without adding anything to them. Founded by Dawud al-Zahiri in Baghdad and brought to its fullest flowering by Ibn Hazm in Córdoba, this school has few followers today – and yet it is still studied, quoted and respected. The Amman Message counts it among the eight recognised schools of law in Islam.Читать · 11 мин чтения
  30. Одна умма, разные путиСунниты и шиитыМусульмане-сунниты и шииты молятся одному и тому же Аллаху, следуют одному и тому же Пророку ﷺ, читают один и тот же Коран и обращаются к одной и той же Каабе. Их различия складывались веками и касаются главным образом вопроса о руководстве после Пророка ﷺ и деталей правовой практики. Мы рассказываем эту историю спокойно, уважительно и не принимая ничью сторону.Читать · 8 мин чтения
  31. Вера, которая несёт – вчера, сегодня, завтраСмысл и будущее исламаИслам наполняет жизнь человека смыслом, устойчивостью и направлением, и он сформировал семьи, общества и целые цивилизации. Сегодня за ним следует почти четверть человечества, а молодое поколение изучает Коран новыми способами. В этой главе мы спрашиваем, что означает ислам – и каким может быть его будущее.Читать · 7 мин чтения
  32. From the cave of Hira to the EmiratesA Short History of IslamFourteen centuries in one chapter: from the first revelation in the cave of Hira through Madinah, Damascus, Baghdad, Córdoba, Cairo and Istanbul to our own time and the founding of the United Arab Emirates. We tell the story in eras, with short timelines: the great achievements, the painful ruptures, and the people who carried faith, knowledge and trade across continents.Читать · 15 мин чтения

В духе Эмиратов

Объединённые Арабские Эмираты олицетворяют ислам срединного пути: глубоко укоренённый в вере, открытый людям, уважительный к каждой правовой школе и к каждой религии. В 2019 году в Абу-Даби был подписан Документ о человеческом братстве, а в 2023 году открылся Дом авраамической семьи. Эти страницы следуют тому же духу.

Эти страницы дают общий обзор. С религиозными вопросами твоей повседневной жизни, пожалуйста, обращайся к квалифицированному учёному своей школы.

Понять ислам | Quran Masterclass